Biofeedback as a psychological treatment option for chronic back pain

Biofeedback as a psychological treatment option for chronic back pain was developed decades ago [1,2], and thus is a long-standing treatment option for chronic pain. However, for chronic low back pain, the most prevalent pain disorder, three questions about biofeedback remain unanswered: Is biofeedback an effective intervention for the treatment of chronic low back pain? What are the mechanisms of change? What are the limitations of biofeedback for chronic low back pain? In this commentary, we will describe biofeedback for chronic low back pain and summarize current research on biofeedback to address these questions. Early biofeedback approaches used simple auditory or...